Types, Causes and Treatment Methods of Main Diseases in the Railway Switch Section

Type Ⅰ. Tick Rail Jump

 

(1) Possible Reasons:

 

① Various connecting parts at the heel end of the tip rail are worn;

② The arched waist of the point rail and the sliding bed plate are not close together, and the hanging plate is continuous in the middle of the point rail;

③There are low joints or hidden pits at the heel end of the point rail.

 

(2) Prevention and Control Measures:

 

①Replace the worn connecting parts at the heel end;

② Strengthen the tamping under the pillow of the transfer part, especially the tamping of the joints and the heel ends of the sharp rails, to eliminate empty hanging boards;

③ Straighten the curved rail;

④Install anti-jump device.

 

Type Ⅱ. The Tip Rail and the Basic Rail Are Not Closely Connected

 

(1) Possible Reasons:

 

①Poor direction of straight strands;

②The tip rail and the basic rail themselves have hard bends;

③The curved basic rail is poorly bent and the frame size is incorrect;

④The size of the rail tie rods and connecting rods is improperly selected or adjusted;

⑤The top iron of the pointed rail is too long or too short;

⑥ There is a "fat edge" on the working side of the basic rail and the non-working side of the tip rail, causing the tip rail and the basic rail to be not closely adhered or falsely adhered closely;

⑦ The sliding bed board is bent, causing the tip rail to be skewed, resulting in a gap or false close contact with the basic rail;

⑧ There are "three seams" (there is a gap of more than 1mm between the bottom edge of the basic rail and the groove edge of the sliding bed; the gap between the lower part of the basic rail and the rail support exceeds 0.5mm; there is a gap of more than 1mm between the rail support and the sliding bed stop), it is too The basic rail moves laterally during the vehicle operation, resulting in loose adhesion;

⑨ The opening distance (the distance between the non-working side of the point rail and the working side of the basic rail) is insufficient, causing the non-working side of the point rail to become a "guard rail", thereby squeezing the point rail and affecting the close contact between the point rail and the basic rail.

 

(2) Prevention and Control Measures:

 

① Turn the straight stock direction and find the top dead center;

② Straighten the basic rail, bend the basic rail well, and ensure that the vertical part of the basic rail and the pointed rail are closely connected;

③Adjust the frame size;

④Adjust the top iron that does not meet the size; the model and size of the connecting rod must comply with the regulations. If it does not comply, it should be replaced in time. Sometimes it can also be solved by changing the eye distance and adding pads. Correct the position of connecting rod and board tracker;

⑤ Timely grind the "fat edge" between the working side of the basic rail and the non-working side of the tip rail;

⑥Weld repair or replace worn and warped sliding bed table;

⑦ Prevent the basic rail from moving laterally, weld and repair the worn sliding bed shoulder, and eliminate the 'three seams'.

 

Type Ⅲ. Point Rail Crushing and Wear

 

(1) Possible Reasons:

 

①The tip rail jumps, and the tip rail and the basic rail are not close to each other;

② The vertical wear of the basic rail is serious, and the narrow part of the front end of the tip rail is prematurely stressed;

③When replacing the new tip rail, the "fat edge" of the basic rail was not polished;

④The direction of the turnout is poor, and if there is an empty hoist, it will shake when passing the vehicle, which will increase the lateral impact force.

 

(2) Prevention and Control Measures:

 

① Prevent the jump of the tip rail and ensure the close contact between the vertical cut part of the tip rail and the basic rail;

②Replace the severely worn basic rail and point rail. When replacing the new tip rail, the degree of wear of the original basic rail should be considered. If the difference between the two is too large, the basic rail should be replaced at the same time. When replacing the basic rail, you should also pay attention to the vertical wear of the tip rail. Make sure that at the top width of the tip rail 50mm, the top surface of the tip rail is not lower than the top surface of the basic rail by 2mm or more: at the tip of the tip rail, the top surface of the basic rail 23mm higher than the top surface of the tip rail;

③Severely damaged point rails should be welded or replaced in time;

④Adjust the direction, strengthen tamping, find the level, and eliminate empty hanging boards. Especially strengthen the tamping of the switch part, and pay attention to the smoothness of the tip of the switch rail and the heel end of the switch rail;

⑤ If necessary, wear-resistant guard rails can be laid at the tip of the sharp rail. The rim groove of the protective rail shall not be less than 42mm.

 

Type Ⅳ. Basic Rail Traverse

 

When the basic rail moves laterally, under the action of train power, the point rail and the basic rail will not be in close contact, the boardwalk will not lock, and it will be difficult to maintain the gauge direction of the tip rail.

 

(1) Possible Reasons:

 

①There are "three gaps" in the turning part;

②The fork pillow is split or the nail hole is rotten and the ability to hold the nail is lost;

③The track gauge and direction are defective.

 

(2) Prevention and Control Measures:

 

① Eliminate the 'three seams';

② Replace failed turnout bolsters, deal with decayed nail holes, and replace with threaded spikes to enhance nail-holding strength;

③ Increase the height of the shoulders of the track bed to enhance the lateral resistance of the track bed.